Ethoxyquin

Friday, November 6th, 2009 | Random Stuff

Ethoxyquin has become quite the topic of discussion with crazy dog people like me of late. It’s been determined that it is contained in quite a few premium food brands, several of which are used by Swissy people. And those Swissies have been doing very well on the food while it has contained ethoxyquin all along.

As some people here may know, both Indy and Gryffin are raw fed while Beowulf is on kibble. We are lucky enough that the kibble we feed (Fromm) is not on the list of foods containing ethoxyquin. But the question still remains…should you switch your dog’s food if it is on the list? Would I if it were me? I can honestly say that if we were feeding Beowulf one of the foods containing it, and he was doing well the entire time, it would be a very tough choice for me.

So, to help you understand why ethoxyquin is such a big deal, Dana Montero, aka the Dog Food Guru, has written today’s guest post.

Ethoxyquin

I have recently been getting a large number of questions regarding a preservative that is sometimes found in commercial dog foods called ethoxyquin or “E”.  I would like to take a moment to try to explain to the readers of this blog what ethoxyquin is, the controversy and facts surrounding it, why we don’t want it in our dogs’ food, and what alternatives there are.  I will also relay my findings after having personally contacted several dog food manufacturers and verified the use (or not, as the case may be) of ethoxyquin as a preservative in their products.

What is ethoxyquin, exactly?

Ethoxyquin was developed 35 years ago as a rubber stabilizer, has been used as a chemical preservative and is regulated by the FDA as a pesticide.  Yes folks, I said pesticide.  Scary huh?  The FDA recognizes that this chemical has toxic side effects and as such has restricted its use in human foods, allowing for only trace amounts (.5 to 5ppm), yet they continue to allow its use in pet foods.  The allowed amount for pet foods is extremely high (150ppm).  Ethoxyquin has been linked to liver and kidney problems, cancer, reproductive issues, behavior problems, hemolytic anemia, stillborn pups, birth defects such as cleft palates, and various skin and coat conditions.  The developer of ethoxyquin, Monsanto, even made sure that warning labels on containers of this chemical warn workers to wear eye and respiratory protection, and to only handle it with gloves.  The container itself features a prominent skull and crossbones sign with the word POISON on it and it is listed as a hazardous chemical by OSHA.  Ethoxyquin has also been linked to seizures.  A mere 10 drops of this substance is enough to cause convulsions, coma and death.


If ethoxyquin is so bad, why is it used in pet foods?


Ethoxyquin remains stable at very high temperatures and protects fats and oils from becoming rancid.  Foods preserved with ethoxyquin have a rather long shelf life and are less expensive to produce than foods using a natural antioxidant as preservatives.  Some pet food manufacturers claim that the US Coast Guard REQUIRES them to use ethoxyquin as a preservative in their fish meals.   This is not accurate – US Coast Guard regulations require that fish meals be preserved with antioxidants, and specifically name ethoxyquin – UNLESS the manufacturer has a special permit to use other antioxidants.


OK – so ethoxyquin is potentially harmful and we don’t want it in our pets’ food. What other alternatives are there?


Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E (mixed tocopherols) and Naturox are all safe, natural alternatives.   Naturox is the brand name for a combination of mixed tocopherols (usually Vitamin E), citric acid, vegetable oil and rosemary extract.  The downside to natural preservatives such as those named above is price – they are more expensive to use, and shelf life is shorter.   This means producing more batches of dog food more often.


Does my dog food brand contain ethoxyquin?


Pet food manufacturers are not legally required to list ethoxyquin on their labeling unless they add it themselves during processing.  This means if their suppliers use it on their crude ingredients before delivery to the processing plant, they are not required to list it on the bag. Note that foods containing FISH, SALMON, OCEAN FISH, MENHADEN, HERRING, WHITEFISH, etc are ethoxyquin free, unless otherwise specified on the packaging, as these ingredients are made from fresh fish.  The ingredients that you should be concerned about are fish MEALS (ocean fish meal, herring meal, salmon meal, etc).


I have personally contacted several manufacturers by telephone, fax or email and received responses.  If your brand is not listed below, this means that either I have been unable to reach a representative, have not received a response as yet, or have not yet contacted that particular manufacturer.  Should you have questions about your brand of food and it is not listed below, feel free to contact me via my website and I will work on getting answers for you.


Foods confirmed to be ethoxyquin-free:

Innova
Evo
California Naturals
Blue Buffalo
By Nature
Flint River Ranch
Fromm
Merrick
Petcurean
Timberwolf
Wellness
Orijen
Acana
Nature’s Variety
Life’s Abundance
Halo (Spot’s Stew)
Horizon
Pinnacle
Canine Caviar
Eagle Pack
Evangers
Castor & Pollux
Evolve
Nature’s Logic
Grandma Mae’s
Ziwi Peak
Nature’s Logic


Foods confirmed to use ethoxyquin (should be avoided):


Diamond
Canidae
Chicken Soup for the Dog Lover’s Soul
Solid Gold
Artemis
Taste of the Wild
Iams
Eukanuba
Natural Balance
Hills
Premium Edge
Fosters & Smith
Nutro
Kirkland

When there are foods out there that are free from toxins, why feed food that could potentially harm your dog – when you have a choice?

If you have questions for Dana, they can be posted here and I will make sure she gets them.  You may also contact Dana through her website and she will answer you directly.

This was a rather confusing issue for me up until now.  I hope Dana’s information has provided you with the insight you need to make your decision.

Happy Friday!

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19 Comments to Ethoxyquin

Thanks for checking all this out for us!

Elizabeth
November 6, 2009

Thanks for posting about this, I had no clue. Pro Pac is the food I feed and it wasn’t mentioned, any idea if Dana has contacted them and is waiting for a reply? If not, I just may contact them myself.

I’ve also been looking at the HealthWise brand of dog food (possibly thinking about switching to it for availability reasons) and it’s made by Natura who also makes Evo, Innova, and California Natural. Since all three of those were listed as being free of ethoxyquin is it safe to assume that since it’s manufactured by the same company it should be fine?

SwissyHugger
November 6, 2009

I’m not sure. I forwarded your post to Dana for response.

Dana Montero, RVT, Dip. ACNS
November 7, 2009

Elizabeth, none of the Pro Pac formulas use any sort of fish meal, so you’re fine in that regard. However there is an extraordinary amount of corn in that food as well as yeast, so it’s something to keep in mind.

None of the HealthWise formulas contain fish meal, so again, they are safe – but I would also note that ANY product manufacturer by Natura is Ethoxyquin-free.

Hope that helps!

SwissyHugger
November 9, 2009

I have a question for you, Dana, that was emailed to me. I forwarded it to you via email as well, but I thought I’d ask it here.

If a company has E in its food would that mean that it would also have it in its treats? We buy some treats from Drs. Foster and Smith which is on the bad list.

Dana Montero, RVT, Dip. ACNS
November 9, 2009

As far as I can tell, none of the Drs Foster & Smith treats use fish meals of any kind and they should be safe. I will go over each treat individually and should I find something I will report back.

Jenifer RVT
November 13, 2009

Hello!

I ran across this site, and saw this article. I work for The Iams Company and would like to provide some information regarding our products.

Ethoxyquin is a synthetic antioxidant that remains stable at the high temperatures required to cook pet foods. The FDA allows it at levels up to 150 mg/kg of food. Often, people reference certain studies that showed toxic effects to animals fed ethoxyquin. But the animals in these studies were given excessive amounts of ethoxyquin-10x and even 53x the maximum limit–before the negative effects were seen.

We do not add ethoxyquin in any of our over-the-counter foods that you purchase at pet stores; however we do use ethoxyquin to preserve some of our Iams Veterinary Formulas. It protects fats, fatty acids (including omega-3s), and fat-soluble vitamins from becoming rancid. The omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in these diets are important for the nutritional management of inflammatory conditions. Oxidation of these fatty acids in the food may prevent the dog or cat from obtaining the nutritional benefits of the diet.

In July 1997, the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine requested the maximum level for ethoxyquin in complete dog foods be voluntarily lowered to 75 mg/kg. The ethoxyquin levels in Iams Veterinary Formulas are in compliance with that level.

I noticed the concerned around fish meal- our fish meal comes from cold water sources in the north Atlantic and far south Pacific Oceans. The fish is actually immediately flash frozen upon catching, the supplier then preserves the fish meal with mixed tocopherols (a source of Vitamin E).

I hope this is useful information! Thanks again for your time-

Jenifer RVT
The Iams Company
Jenlovespets.im@pg.com

SwissyHugger
November 13, 2009

Thanks for your info, Jenifer! I always welcome the information.

Dana Montero
November 13, 2009

When I spoke on the telephone with an Iams representative named Laura, I was told that the fish meal used in Iams foods ARE preserved with ethoxyquin.

Jenifer RVT
November 13, 2009

Hi Dana!

I am so happy that you reached out to us, was it a recent call? We have extensive training in the use of Ethoxyquin and I am more than happy to work with you on any questions you may have.

Just for clarification, none of our Iams or Eukanuba over the counter products contain Ethoxyquin.

Here is a link to our website regarding Ethoxyquin: http://www.iams.com/iams/pet-health-advice/pet-questions.jsp

Please feel free to contact me via email or call 1-800-525-4267 I am more than happy to help you in any way I can!

Thank you and have a great weekend~

Jenifer RVT
Jenlovespets.im@pg.com
Twitter: @jenlovespets
MySpace: http://www.myspace.com/jenlovespets

Dana Montero, RVT, Dip. ACNS
November 14, 2009

Hi Jenifer,

In fact the call was made a little over a week ago. I did indeed see your website prior to making that call. I am however confused as to why your employees need extensive training in the use of a chemical preservative that you now claim as a result of negative publicity that you do not use? If you can provide me with a copy of your recent product testing showing less than 5ppm of ethoxyquin, considered as the industry standard for true trace testing to prove no ethoxyquin residual, I would be happy to rescind my comments. However I should note that unfortunately, as a Nutrition Consultant, I still can not recommend any of your products to my clients, based on a myriad of other factors.

Thank you for your time!

Jane
November 20, 2009

I feed my Swissy the dry Purina Pro Plan salmon formula because my dog has dry skin and loose stools if he doesn’t have that as his base. I also mix in a can of wet food for each meal. I’ve been using Nutro and Purina Pro Plan but have just started to use Blue Buffalo. I don’t see Purina Pro Plan on the list. Do you know if that contains E?
Tks,
Jane

Dana Montero, RVT, Dip. ACNS
November 20, 2009

Purina Pro Plan suppliers use Ethoxyquin to preserve their fish meals, and all Purina formulas contain menadione, another substance banned by the FDA for use in human food that causes kidney and liver failure. Purina Pro Plan products were also revealed to contain traces of sodium pentobarbital, also known as Euthasol, a drug used to euthanize pets. It also contains unnamed “animal fat” which by legal definition could be from ANY animal, including euthanized pets.

Jane Galik
November 21, 2009

Wow! What an eye opener! I had no idea. I’m going to be weaning over to Blue Buffalo. He seems to like that.

Thank you so much for your quick response!

Jane

NancyO
November 29, 2009

Hi Dana,

Can you tell me how long ago the sodium pentobarbital was found in Pro Plan foods? Was it in all varieties (canned and dry). I feed Pro Plan Sensitive Skin and Stomach dry food. Was it in that one?

Thanks,
Nancy

Dana Montero, RVT, Dip. ACNS
November 29, 2009

The study was done in 1998 and only a few varieties and lot numbers/batches were tested. Not all varieties were tested so I can not confirm or deny presence of sodium pentobarbital trace in untested foods. However in nearly every sample tested that contained “beef tallow” the presence of trace sodium pentobarbital was detected. Beef tallow was listed as the 6th ingredient in ProPlan Beef & Rice Puppy – confirmed trace of sodium pentobarbital (in every batch tested), and beef tallow was listed as the 5th ingredient on bags of Beef & Rice adult – of the 2 bags sampled, one tested positive, the other negative, confirming also that samples are not consistent and that nutrients and ingredients and most importantly, protein and meat sources vary from bag to bag.

http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/CVM/CVMFOIAElectronicReadingRoom/ucm129131.htm

Please note that the FDA insists that no dog or cat protein was detected, however, forensic science has already shown that DNA breaks down at high temperatures (such as that used for the cooking and extrusion process) and it is impossible to run a DNA profile on dog food with any degree of accuracy. Not only that – they DO say that the presence of pentobarbital is likely from euthanized cows, horses, and other farm animals – however the FDA’s own regulations prohibit animals euthanized with sodium pentobarbital from being used in the human or pet food chains… Sodium pentobarbital is a complete other subject than that this blog was referring to and I would be happy to provide more information upon request in a separate article.

Melodie S
January 22, 2010

[...] am not sure about the reformulated foods…but please fill in if you are aware of changes! Ethoxyquin | Swiss Lick Swissies (Scroll down for list) __________________ Lauren & Mya RIP Keelyn I will always love [...]

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